AZOLLA

Azolla forms red coloured bloom in ditches and ponds. It is found floating freely on the surface of water. Common Indian species is A. pinnata. Another species A. filiculoides is also known to occur frequently while the third species A. imbricata is found mostly in Eastern Himalayas.

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MARSILEA

The two Indian species, Marsilea minuta and M. quadrifolia, are commonly found growing either in shallow water or on moist banks of ponds and ditches. They grow either completely submerged or partially or entirely out of water in damp and wet places.

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PTERIDIUM (BRACKEN FERN)

Pteridium is cosmopolitan. It is widely distributed along the entire Himalayan tract. It grows particularly well at altitudes between 1,000 to 3,000 meters. P. aquilinum is found on forest floors, mountain slopes, open grasslands, etc.

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EQUISETUM (HORSE TAILS MOSS)

Equisetum debile which is common in India grows abundantly along the banks of rivers, in sandy soil and on the woods along the river. Another common species, E. arvense, grows in grasslands

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SELAGINELLA (SMALL CLUB MOSS)

About 58 species of Selaginella have so far been reported from India. Many Indian species are found growing in western and eastern Himalayas and the hills of South India on damp shady sides. A few species are xerophytic. S. oregana is epiphyte on trunks and branches of moss covered trees in the forests.

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PSILOTUM

Only two species of Psilotum viz. P. nudum (=P. triquetrum) and P. jlaccidum (=P. complanatum) are known. These are widespread in tropical and subtropical regions of both the hemispheres.

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