Six species of Ephedra viz. E. pachyclada, E. intermedia var. tibetica, E. saxatilis var. sikkimensis, E. gerardiana £.. nebrodensis var. procera and E. regeliana grow wild in the north west Himalayan region and are all shrubby. E. joliata var. ciliata grows widely as a scandent shrub, climbing over small trees in the southern part of the Punjab and Rajasthan. It is usually cultivated in gardens and in other places.
Pinus is represented by five species which grow wild in north-east and north-west Himalayas. The species are P. gerardiana (Chilgoza in Hindi), P. roxburghii (=P. longifolia), P. wallichiana (P. excelsa), P. insularis (= P. khasya) and P. armandi. In plains it is cultivated for its ornamental value.
Six species are found in India of which Cycas circinalis, Cycas pectinata. C. rumphii, and C. beddomei grow wild but C. revoluta, a native of Japan and C. siamensis found in Burma and Siam are cultivated.